Showing posts with label Heart of Darkness. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Heart of Darkness. Show all posts

Monday, December 2, 2013

Heart of Darkness Chapter 2 Notes

Heart of Darkness: Chapter 2
Episode 1
From: ‘One evening as I was lying flat on the deck of my steamboat’….to   ‘beyond my power of meddling’.
·      Marlow overhears the manager and his uncle hoping that the climate would finally kill Kurtz off for them. ’Anything can be done in this country’  manager says there are no limits.-
·      Finally after 3 months the steamer is ready and Marlow is on his way to the inner station. He has a few ‘pilgrims’ and some cannibal natives as his crew: ’travelling back to the earliest beginnings of the world’
·      Unknown territory into the wilderness// this to the philosophical comments made by “Marlow’ and the metaphor of the inner exploration of the mind
·      Marlow begins to feel that the inner truth is hidden in both nature and man
·      Nature is powerful and mysterious; the earth monstrous and free: ‘the little begrimed steamboat ‘crawling ‘like a sluggish beetle’ between ‘the high walls’ of the jungle.’ The black man is an enigma to the explorer.
·       Primitive man as seen through the natives on the shoreline; ‘Joy, fear, - sorrow, devotion, valour, rage described by Marlow as ’truth stripped of its cloak of time’.  
·      So was the prehistoric man welcoming or cursing the white explorers? Marlow questions the superiority of the white man and suggests both have their pasts in common and each are a mystery to each other.
·      Man needs inborn strength such as Marlow’s reliance on ‘efficiency of work’. Is this why Marlow does not succumb to the ‘darkness’ of colonialism?
·      The description of the fireman is another thumb-nail sketch of a character type. ‘howl and a dance’ sounds rather racist. (Chinua Achebe- Things Fall Apart’- also essay written in response to Conrad’s work
·      Cannibals: Fine fellows…men one could work with!’
·      Hut on the shoreline-pile of wood for the steamboat and sign ’approach cautiously’.
·      Book ‘An Inquiry into some Points of Seamanship’ –an honest concern for the correct way to go about the work of navigation.
·      Marlow knows he is getting nearer to Kurtz and speculates about him.

Episode 2
Steamboat is attacked-black and white men capable of restraint
From: ‘Towards the evening of the second day’…to ‘Here, give me some tobacco.’
·      The manager says it is too dark and too dangerous to proceed and the bush seems frozen and night falls. Daylight brings fog…another form of darkness
·      Marlow’s efficiency keeps the boat safe and moving.
·      Pilgrims become agitated whereas the cannibals also strangers to this part of the world are extremely calm. Cries of terror and grief fill the air but cannibals want the pilgrims to catch the natives for them to eat(rotten hippo meat overboard)
·      Brass rings for money- surprised at the cannibals ‘ restraint in this atmosphere of no restraints. Whites devouring greed-exploitation of colonialism and ivory. This is juxtaposed by the hunger of the cannibals BUT their restraint.
·      Manager states he would be desolated if anything happens to Kurtz!
·      This is the man who sunk the boat, delayed the rivets and slowed down the progress of the journey
·      Natives attack the boat-pilgrims go crazy and shoot at the forest//gunboat on the coast
·      Arrows hit the helmsman who opened a shutter to fire at the natives. He dies with a questioning glance at Marlow who then blows the steam whistle and sends the natives running away in panic
·      Marlow changes his shoes, which are full of the helmsman’s blood.
·      Marlow worries the Kurtz also may be dead…disappointed
·      Quote page 79: ‘the gift of expression, the bewildering, the illuminating, the most exalted and the most contemptible, the pulsating stream of light, or the deceitful flow from the heart of an impenetrable darkness’.

Episode 3: Marlow jumps forward to meeting Kurtz. At the inner station there are met by the harlequin.
From: ‘There was a pause of profound stillness to the end of Chapter 2.

·      Deep sigh from his audience stops Marlow- first narrator takes over as Marlow lights his pipe.
·      Digresses talking of the absurd nature of his tale when compared to these civilized men in the Nellie
·      Talks of the women and ‘beautiful world’ they live in Kurt’s intended
·      Bald Kurtz//ivory
·      Ivory in the hut taken on to the steamer even though the manager stated it was fossil ivory(buried!)
·      Kurtz has been consumed by the wilderness and had become a ‘chief’ of sorts.
·      He had written a report for the International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs to write a report for its guidance. Kurtz had written this before succumbing to ‘unspeakable rites’…postscript stated ‘Exterminate all the brutes’
·      Marlow feels that Kurtz was not worth the death of the helmsman.
·      Back to the narrative
·      Marlow throws the body overboard….didn’t want the cannibals to eat it.
·      Sees the Inner Station and the posts with balls on surrounding it…these are human skulls
·      Harlequin greets them…patchwork clothes…Russian with a boyish face and a fear and fascination for Kurtz who has-‘enlarged his mind’
·       




Heart of Darkness Notes Chapter 1

Heart of Darkness:

Notes: Chapter 1 Episode 1(From “I felt as though…set off for the centre of the earth”

·      Always interesting to note that when we start to question the relationship of art and life, we would be asking how a work is related to its author and its readers.

·      This novel was called the first modern novel- powerful creative imagination which in retrospect shed a very bleak light over the west and its civilizing mission at the turn of the 20th century. It was the new age, scientific and technological progress along with enlightened ideas on the origins of man (Darwinism).

·      Beginning the novel: Appropriate that Conrad started this one on the Thames (The Nigger of the Narcissus ended here.) This novel could be regarded as a continuation. Thames Estuary: contrasts light and darkness, the day ending and the gloom over London. The first narrator (1) opens the novel with Marlow (tested seaman) and 3 landsmen (businessmen too-a director, an accountant and a lawyer- significance?
·      Contrast between traditional symbolism-‘light and dark’- duality in everything to come in the novel- men and their enterprises-enlightenment- morals –ethical questions civilization and its ideals- consciousness and self-knowledge
·      Darkness- ignorance and evil and wilderness
·      First narrator-heroic British conquerors
·      Based on Stanley who was an explorer come journalist who went to find David Livingstone. He was an adventurer who loved by the British people returned to Africa several times. He did seem to enjoy profits from the ivory trade and a fall in popularity with the British people. Brussels- why ‘whited sepulchre’- biblical allusion to the corrupt Pharisees and scribes in the temple (Matthew23:27) hypocrisy and allusions.
·      Company director interviews him and he meets 2 women knitting with black wool. Mythical allusion to watchers over the gateway to the underworld/death.
·      Doctor measures his head? Look at the conversation.
·      Attitude of Conrad over women- Marlow’s aunt? Auntie sees Marlow as an apostle bringing light to the ignorant masses.
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Episode 2:From’I left in a French Steamer…He is waiting’

·      Conrad journeyed to Africa and piloted a river steamer so there are parallels between the ‘young Marlow’ and Conrad although this is not an autobiographical account.
·      19th century writers were very happy to criticize their society (George Eliot and Charles Dickens) This novel breaks the convention of an omniscient narrator who shared the accepted view of the wider society. Marlow may well be viewed as an unreliable narrator.
·      Mis-en-abyme= telling a story within a story or a framed story.
·      This also contains self-reflexive comments on its own origin and the writing process and storytelling.(Example the first narrator describes Marlow’s narrative; ’seemed to shape itself without human lips’
·      So it is about colonization-follow Marlow’s journey up the river into the African interior. However the search for Kurtz and the subsequent search for Marlow’s inner self will be the result of at least 3 readings of this novel.
·      Contrast between traditional symbolism-‘light and dark’- duality in everything to come in the novel- men and their enterprises-enlightenment- morals –ethical questions civilization and its ideals- consciousness and self-knowledge
·      Changes in country’s fortune UK a place of Darkness now (1900) a leading light in civilization or not??? Ambivalent nature of colonialism.
·      Terms to note: leitmotif- a recurring phrase theme or image in a text
·      Framed story: a story in which another story is told within (flash back style)
·      First narrator-significance on narrative technique.
·      Marlow as second narrator is not as optimistic as the first over the success of colonialism. Looks at this as a test for individuals: Look how the very successful Roman Empire was replaced by the ‘British Empire’
·      Cyclical patterns. Use of 2 narrators move the story away from Conrad’s autobiographical account.

Episode 3:

Along the African Coast Marlow’s first impression ‘the merry dance of death and trade’

·      Marlow’s journey starts and he is on a French steamer to Africa
·      Sees groups of sturdy Negroes paddling in boats… they look real and healthy.
·      ‘Man of War’- firing insanely at the coast---all on board sick—
·      Mouth of the Congo River –river steamer to Outer Station
·      Captain young Swede – colleague recently committed suicide
·      Marlow faces reality of colonial exploitation at the Outer Station.
·      Blasting for a railway- waste of broken materials
·      Black slaves dying- chained together-Dante’s inferno- symbolic of hell –slave trade
·      Chief Accountant ‘apple pie order’
·      200 mile trek to Central Station: ‘become acquainted with a flabby pretending, weak-eyed devil of rapacious and pitiless folly’.
·      When he arrives at the central station-‘flabby devil’ is the manager at Central Station.
·      Steamer sunk by this manager…why?
·      Actual journey and symbolic journey into madness of colonialism
·      Journey to Central Station with another very overweight white man.
·      Manager is suspicious of Marlow and wants to know all about him and his connections in Brussels. (Men who come out here should have no entrails)
·      “-Faithless Pilgrims” ivory is their God!
·      Rivets needed but constantly delay over their supply and it is as if someone is preventing the boat being repaired Why?
·      Does take 3 months for the repair(Manager was quite right in his prediction)
·      Fire starts at the Central Station and an innocent African is beaten up. A bizarre scene with men trying to ineffectively put out the fire.
·      Brickmaker(Manager’s spy) shamelessly pumps Marlow for information which along with the man’s appearance earns him the description of’papier mache mephostopheles
·      One item from this conversation is the painting of a female blindfolded yet holding a lamp. Colonialism and imperialism in one!
·      Kurtz information-from Brickmaker ‘he is an emissary of pity, and science, and progress’. From Manager- Kurtz has been taken ill
·      New gang of virtue=Kurtz
·      Eldorado Exploring Expedition led by the manager’s uncle (looked like a butcher) Exploitation
·      2 leitmotives: 1. ’Out there, there are no external checks (on one’s behavior. 2. Work alone can keep you thinking about the redeeming facts of life. This keeps Marlow on the straight and narrow when he could have turned to the wilder style of living as Kurtz did.
·      Ivory is the major influence on the men/pilgrims
·      Marlow is impressed and coming under the influence of the brooding power of the primeval forests. It’s an enigma.
·      The lust for ivory and the forest (Heart of Darkness) makes men act in a base or lower instinctual way.
·      Marlow had heard about Kurtz from: the accountant, the manager, the brickmaker and he is fascinated as Kurtz is so revered. He is seen as the emissary of light. The others are not ethical; there is inefficiency everywhere and exploitation.



Heart of Darkness Image


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